Measles outbreak in Spain with Basque Country, Málaga, and Melilla most affected

Spain is witnessing a resurgence of measles cases. In January, the Ministry of Health reported 64 new infections, with the Basque Country, Málaga, and Melilla experiencing the most significant outbreaks.

Basque Country reports highest infections

The Basque Country has identified 38 cases, including 18 healthcare workers. The outbreak, traced back to Biscay in November, originated from an imported infection. Additionally, two cases have been reported in Guipuzkoa.

Málaga daycare centre outbreak

In Málaga province, an outbreak at a daycare centre has led to six children contracting measles. Health authorities are closely monitoring the situation to prevent further spread.

Melilla activates special measures

Melilla has implemented special measures in response to the rising number of measles cases. Four individuals, three of them children, have been hospitalised. Authorities advise those born after 1978 to ensure they have received two doses of the measles vaccine if they haven’t already.

Recognising measles symptoms for early detection

Early detection of measles is crucial to prevent its spread. According to the NHS.UK, initial symptoms typically appear 10 to 12 days after exposure and resemble a cold, including:

• High fever
• Runny or blocked nose
• Sneezing
• Cough
• Red, sore, watery eyes

A few days later, a red rash usually starts on the face and behind the ears before spreading to the rest of the body. Some individuals may also notice small white spots inside the mouth, known as Koplik’s spots.

Steps to take if you suspect measles infection

 If you suspect exposure to measles or exhibit symptoms, contact your healthcare provider promptly for guidance. Early detection and isolation are crucial to controlling outbreaks and safeguarding public health.

If you or your child exhibit symptoms suggestive of measles:

1. Stay home: Avoid public places to prevent transmitting the virus to others.
2. Contact healthcare services: Call your GP or local health clinic to inform them of your symptoms. It’s essential to phone ahead before visiting to prevent spreading the infection.
3. Follow medical advice: Healthcare professionals will provide guidance on necessary tests, care, and isolation measures.

How is measles transmitted?

Measles is an exceptionally contagious virus transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. The virus can remain viable in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours, posing a significant risk of transmission.

Individuals are contagious from four days before to four days after the appearance of the characteristic rash. Notably, approximately 90% of susceptible individuals in close proximity to an infected person will contract the virus.

Importance of vaccination

Vaccination remains essential in combating measles, a highly contagious disease with a basic reproduction number (R0) between 12 and 18. While Spain boasts a vaccination rate exceeding 90% for two doses and 95% for one dose, some regions lag behind. For instance, the Balearic Islands have a two-dose vaccination rate of only 75.85%.

The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is highly effective. Ensuring that you and your family are up to date with vaccinations is the most reliable method to prevent infection.

Imported cases fueling the outbreak

Of the 64 cases reported in January, 25 were imported, with 32 linked to these imported cases. This indicates that the majority of infections are directly or indirectly associated with foreign sources. The Carlos III Institute notes a resurgence of measles post-pandemic, following near elimination in previous years.

Call for increased vigilance

Dr Gema Fernández Rivas, spokesperson for the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, emphasises the need for heightened vigilance and enhanced protection. She highlights that individuals born between the late 1960s and mid-1980s may not have received complete vaccination.

Measles outbreak in Morocco

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control has issued a warning regarding a significant measles outbreak in Morocco since October 2023, with 3,631 infections and 5 deaths reported in January 2025.

Ensuring up-to-date vaccinations is crucial in preventing further spread of measles within Spain.

Also read: Flu and norovirus outbreaks in Spain