In Andalucia, a controversial photovoltaic plant construction is set to displace about 100,000 olive trees in Jaén and Córdoba. The project has sparked protests from farmers and landowners, whose livelihoods rely on these centuries-old groves.
Under the banner “Renewable energy, yes, but not like this,” demonstrators are challenging the large-scale solar developments that require forced land expropriation.
Land seizures begin in Jaén and Córdoba
The expropriation process formally began on November 7. Affected landowners in Lopera, Arjona, and Marmolejo are set to lose vast tracts of olive groves—an area equivalent to about 100 football fields.
These groves, vital to the region’s economy and heritage, are part of an ongoing bid to secure UNESCO World Heritage status under the title “Landscape of Andalucian Olive Groves.” The area also holds archaeological significance, with several notable historical finds.
Opposition to ‘public utility’ projects
Greenalia Solar, the company behind the Zumajo I and II projects, has received approval from the Junta de Andalucía. Authorities declared the projects to be of “public utility,” overriding objections from landowners, businesses, and local entities.
Critics argue these developments offer no local benefits. Farmers claim the projects will not create jobs but will destroy livelihoods and eliminate rural employment opportunities.
Electricity for export, not local use
One of the primary grievances is that the electricity generated will not benefit the region. Instead, it will be exported to other European countries. Farmers argue that this prioritises profits for multinationals at the expense of Andalucian communities. Consequently, they are urging local municipalities to amend zoning laws to better regulate large-scale solar installations.
Greenalia defends its projects, citing significant reductions in CO2 emissions and the provision of clean energy to thousands of households.
A wider conflict between progress and preservation
The dispute in Jaén and Córdoba mirrors a broader dilemma: balancing the need for renewable energy with the preservation of cultural and natural heritage. While clean energy is vital to combating climate change, its implementation often disrupts established communities and landscapes. The challenge lies in finding solutions that promote sustainability without undermining rural livelihoods.
Fighting forced expropriation
Reversing a land expropriation after it has been approved is legally challenging but not impossible. Owners can file objections within 15 days of the property list being published. Grounds for objection may include procedural errors or the absence of public utility justification.
Legal professionals are often essential for navigating this process. Beyond objections, there are other scenarios where expropriation decisions can be reversed:
- If more land than necessary has been seized.
- If no work has begun two years after the expropriation was announced.
- If the original justification for expropriation no longer applies.
Activism and collaboration as last resorts
For many, grassroots activism offers a vital avenue for resistance. Groups like the Plataforma Campiña Norte STOP megaplantas solares are raising awareness through social media campaigns, protests, and demonstrations.
Impact on hunting and rural activities
The construction of solar farms also impacts hunting grounds, a key activity in many rural areas. Fencing and installations often lead to hunting bans on affected land. These restrictions can fragment existing hunting areas, leading to further disruptions in local traditions and economies.
Seeking balance in renewable energy development
While tackling climate change is crucial, protecting cultural heritage and rural livelihoods is equally important. Striking this balance will be essential as Spain navigates its green energy ambitions.
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