The University of Málaga (UMA) is participating in the ZEUS project, a European initiative to advance solar energy technology for space. Led by Spanish professor Barrigón, the project seeks to improve solar energy efficiency and develop innovative materials for use in extreme environments.
The focus is on solar cells with nanowires, a cutting-edge photovoltaic technology that transforms sunlight into electricity. Nanowires, which are thousands of times thinner than a human hair, are resilient against the high levels of radiation in space. These microscopic structures have the ability to absorb and convert solar energy more efficiently than current technologies.
What is solar energy?
Solar energy is the power generated by capturing sunlight and converting it into electricity or heat. It is a renewable energy source, abundant and inexhaustible, making it one of the most promising solutions to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
Solar energy systems use photovoltaic cells or solar thermal collectors to harness sunlight. Photovoltaic cells directly convert sunlight into electricity, while solar thermal systems use sunlight to generate heat, which can then produce power.
Benefits of solar energy
Solar energy offers numerous advantages:
- Renewable and sustainable: Solar power is inexhaustible, unlike fossil fuels, and contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- Cost-effective: Once installed, solar panels significantly reduce energy bills. Advances in technology continue to lower installation costs.
- Versatile: Solar energy systems can be deployed on rooftops, in fields, or as part of integrated systems for homes and industries.
- Energy independence: By generating local power, solar energy reduces reliance on imported fuels.
- Low maintenance: Solar panels have a long lifespan and require minimal maintenance, making them a practical choice for long-term energy needs.
Improving solar cell efficiency
Existing solar cells convert around 15% of sunlight into electricity, leaving significant room for improvement. ZEUS aims to increase this efficiency by combining different materials within a single nanowire. This approach could pave the way for solar cells with a theoretical efficiency of up to 45%.
Such advancements would not only revolutionise energy generation in space but also enhance renewable energy solutions on Earth.
Spain’s role in solar and space research
Spain has a long history of investment in solar energy, particularly on Earth. Andalucia and Extremadura host some of Europe’s largest solar parks, making the country a leader in renewable energy production.
The ZEUS project draws on Spain’s expertise in solar and space technology, leveraging institutions like the Spanish Space Agency (INTA) and aerospace companies such as SENER Aeroespacial. By bridging terrestrial and space-based solar energy systems, ZEUS could deliver sustainable energy solutions for both environments.
Expanding everyday applications
Space technology often finds practical applications on Earth, and nanowire-based solar cells are expected to follow this trend. Thanks to their compact size, these cells could be integrated into smaller, more versatile solar panels.
This innovation may power a range of consumer electronics, from portable devices to LED lighting. Moreover, the project is exploring ways to make these cells lighter and more flexible, enabling their use in large deployable panels. These features are essential for both space missions and terrestrial renewable energy systems.
Prioritising sustainability and energy storage
A core goal of the ZEUS project is sustainability. By improving solar energy efficiency and reducing CO₂ emissions, the initiative supports Europe’s broader environmental targets.
The project includes a lifecycle analysis of nanowire solar cells, ensuring they meet sustainability standards and perform effectively in space. This dual focus on innovation and environmental responsibility highlights the potential of ZEUS to shape the future of solar energy.
By combining cutting-edge technology with a commitment to sustainability, the ZEUS project offers a glimpse into the future of energy generation—both in space and on Earth.
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