In response to the growing threat of tropical diseases brought on by climate change, Spain’s government is embarking on an ambitious programme to identify and control insect-borne pathogens that pose a potential public health crisis.
The Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, under Pedro Sánchez’s government, has announced the allocation of €337,000. This money is for a pioneering study to track mosquitoes and ticks capable of spreading serious illnesses such as Crimea-Congo haemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, and Rift Valley fever.
Increasing prevalence of vector-borne diseases
Temperatures in Spain continue to rise and climate patterns shift. Therefore, the country is seeing an increase in the prevalence of vector-borne diseases—those spread by insects like mosquitoes and ticks. The Ministry of Agriculture, in collaboration with Spain’s Health Emergency Coordination Centre and the Ministry of Ecological Transition, has initiated a monitoring programme that aims to map the spread of these diseases and prepare a proactive response to mitigate their impact.
Spain is vulnerable due to its proximity to Africa
Luis Planas, the Minister of Agriculture, noted that Spain is uniquely vulnerable to these diseases due to its proximity to Africa, as well as its climate, which increasingly resembles areas known for these illnesses. Recent years have already seen a significant surge in West Nile virus cases, particularly in Andalucía, where ideal conditions for mosquito breeding, such as wetlands and rice paddies, coincide with the migratory routes of birds carrying the virus.
Three major threats
The study will focus on mapping three major threats: Crimea-Congo haemorrhagic fever, West Nile virus, and Rift Valley fever. Tick samples will be collected from key points across the southern mainland and the Balearic Islands, while mosquito populations will be monitored at select locations throughout Spain. Samples will be analysed to identify the presence of these viruses, allowing for early warning and containment strategies.
Rare diseases finding now a fertile ground
The implications of climate change for public health in Spain are becoming undeniable. Once rare diseases are now finding fertile ground as warmer temperatures and changing ecosystems facilitate the spread of tropical pathogens. The latest initiative from the government reflects a growing urgency to stay ahead of these emerging threats and prevent the introduction of even more dangerous diseases into Spain and, potentially, the wider European Union.
Focus on preventative measures
In the coming years, Spain’s focus will be on preventative measures, aiming to minimise the risks to both public health and biodiversity. However, the success of such initiatives will depend not only on the funding and research carried out by government agencies but also on public awareness and cooperation, as Spain braces for an uncertain future shaped by the changing climate.
Also read: Climate change brings more tropical diseases to Spain