Natural Pest Control in Spain

Living in Spain means long sunny days, warm evenings, and plenty of time spent outdoors. But, as many residents quickly discover, the warmer climate also invites a variety of unwanted guests: mosquitoes, flies, ants, wasps, spiders — and the insects they feed on. Let´s look at some natural pest control options.

Many people instinctively turn to chemical solutions, but with a little planning, nature can offer its own highly effective, chemical-free defence. Spain’s Mediterranean climate is perfect for growing a variety of herbs and plants that naturally repel many common pests. And sometimes, the best help comes not from plants, but from the creatures that live in your garden — like lizards.

I am always looking at natural alternatives to anything involving chemicals. Furthermore, as my husband is a gardener, we both strive to reduce the use of chemicals and appreciate nature.

Harnessing nature’s helpers: Lizards in Spanish gardens

Before looking at plants, it’s worth acknowledging one of Spain’s best — and most overlooked — allies in natural pest control: lizards.

From tiny geckos to larger Iberian wall lizards, these harmless reptiles feed on many of the insects we’d rather not share our outdoor spaces with. Mosquitoes, flies, ants, spiders, beetles, and other pests all form part of their natural diet.

Lizards don’t damage plants, they avoid humans, and they’re completely safe around pets and children. Seeing lizards regularly is a sign of a healthy, balanced garden ecosystem.

Although they normally avoid humans, I have had occasions when they have jumped onto my hand. I look on these moments as something special. We have lots of lizards around the garden, and indeed in the house.

If you want to encourage lizards, provide sunny stone walls, rock piles, or low shrubs for hiding. Minimising chemical pesticide use will help ensure there’s plenty of insect life to sustain them. Their presence adds both charm and function to Mediterranean gardens. I have lizards of all sizes in my garden. And, as I said, they even come into my house!

Plant power: Using herbs and plants to deter pests

While lizards patrol your garden naturally, certain plants also help deter insects by releasing scents or oils that insects dislike. Many of these are easy to grow and thrive in Spain’s hot, dry climate.

Keeping mosquitoes at bay

Mosquitoes are among the most troublesome pests, especially in coastal or humid regions. Fortunately, plants like lemongrass (hierba de limón) can help. It’s high citronella content naturally repels mosquitoes while filling the air with a pleasant citrus fragrance. Lemongrass grows well in large pots placed in full sun, but needs regular watering during hot spells.

Lavender also repels mosquitoes and is ideally suited to Spain’s dry, rocky soils. Its purple blooms add beauty and scent, while dried lavender can be used indoors as a natural repellent.

Basil offers dual benefits: culinary use and mosquito control. Unlike drought-tolerant herbs, basil needs moist soil and benefits from being placed near dining areas. Peppermint, too, deters mosquitoes thanks to its strong menthol aroma, though it’s best grown in containers to prevent spreading. Catnip (Nepeta cataria) is another highly effective mosquito deterrent and thrives in sunny, well-drained locations.

You can easily find these herbs and plants at local markets for just a euro or two.

Naturally repelling flies

Flies can quickly become a nuisance around food. Basil and mint are particularly effective at deterring them, while lavender serves as a multi-purpose repellent, discouraging both flies and mosquitoes.

Dissuading wasps

Wasps tend to become more problematic later in the summer. While no plant offers complete prevention, several help discourage them. Lemongrass, peppermint, and thyme release strong scents that many wasps avoid. Thyme, in particular, thrives in Spain’s hot, dry conditions and requires little care.

Look out for their nests in all sorts of places. I have even found them inside books, under the sofa cushions, or dining table.

Preventing ants from invading

Ants may seem harmless until they find their way into patios or kitchens. Rosemary, widely grown across Spain, releases strong aromas that help deter ants from entering homes. Marigolds not only discourage ants but also help repel aphids and mosquitoes with their bright blooms. Tansy can also deter ants, but as it’s toxic if ingested, it’s best avoided in gardens where pets or children are present. Other possibilities include salt and talc around doorways, which are possible deterrents.

Keeping spiders at a distance

Although spiders are excellent allies for pest control, some people prefer to limit their numbers near doors and terraces. Eucalyptus releases oils that spiders dislike, though its large size makes it unsuitable for many small gardens. Lavender again proves its versatility, helping to deter spiders while adding fragrance. Citrus plants, too, naturally repel spiders, though leaves and peels should be kept out of reach of pets.

Pet safety: What to know before planting

While many pest-repelling plants are safe, a few can be harmful if pets eat them. Rosemary, basil, thyme, and catnip are generally safe for dogs and cats in small amounts. However, eucalyptus, tansy, lemongrass, citrus leaves, and marigolds may cause problems if ingested. Always position higher-risk plants where curious pets can’t reach, and contact a vet if your pet shows signs of illness after chewing plants. 

When thinking about weed killer in your garden, don´t forget to take into account wildlife and pets.

A healthy, balanced garden

Natural pest control isn’t just about reducing chemicals — it’s about creating a healthier, more sustainable outdoor space. By combining pest-repelling plants with the help of local lizards, you can enjoy a vibrant, biodiverse garden that’s not only beautiful but also functional.

Spain’s climate provides the perfect setting to work with nature, rather than against it. A few well-chosen herbs, some thoughtful planting, and an appreciation for the small creatures sharing your space can create a peaceful, pest-controlled haven year-round.

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