Catalonia stands firm on water restrictions despite rising reserves

This cautious stance highlights the government’s determination to prioritise long-term sustainability over immediate relief—a choice that may not be universally popular.

Storm Jana brings relief but no immediate policy change

Storm Jana has eased the most severe drought in Catalonia’s history. However, water restrictions remain in force across 542 municipalities, including Barcelona. The interdepartmental drought committee has ruled out any immediate relaxation of measures, emphasising that the rapid rise in water levels must not create a false sense of security.

Water reserves rose rapidly in just five days, climbing from 31.4% to 41%—the fastest increase in four years. Yet, Minister for Ecological Transition Sílvia Paneque stressed that this improvement is not enough to declare the crisis over. “We must fully assess the water supply. While 41% is significant, it does not end the situation,” she said at a press conference. The paradox here is striking: a rare abundance of rainfall is being met with the persistence of restrictions, reminding citizens that water security is a marathon, not a sprint.

Spain’s ongoing struggle with drought

Spain has faced recurring drought conditions in recent years, with Catalonia among the hardest-hit regions. Climate change and prolonged periods of low rainfall have exacerbated water shortages, affecting agriculture, industry, and daily life. Between 2021 and 2024, reservoir levels dropped to historic lows, forcing authorities to impose strict water-saving measures.

The impact on communities has been profound. While many understand the necessity of these restrictions, the strain on agriculture and industry has been considerable, with countless livelihoods disrupted. As one farmer in Alt Empordà remarked, “Every drop saved for urban areas is a drop we lose in the fields.”

Potential easing of restrictions in Alt Empordà

The government is considering relaxing restrictions in 35 municipalities in Alt Empordà, where the strictest emergency measures have been applied. This area depends on the Darnius Boadella reservoir and the Fluvià-Muga aquifer. Though water levels in the reservoir have risen to 32%, officials will assess reserves further before making a final decision. Farmers and local communities are cautiously hopeful but remain aware that the situation could shift again.

Water limits continue in the Ter-Llobregat system

The Ter-Llobregat system, supplying over 80% of Barcelona and Girona’s population, remains under alert. Water reserves have increased from 200 to 260 hectometres but are still below the 300-hectometre threshold needed to lift restrictions. Here again, progress and caution exist side by side.

The Catalan Water Agency expects water levels to rise further due to continuing river inflows and favourable weather. Online videos showing strong water currents bring a glimmer of hope, yet the government continues to urge patience and careful monitoring. Forecasts predict a rainy April, bringing further relief. “Even if rainfall stopped today, no new restrictions would be needed until November 2025. This gives us a period of respite,” Paneque stated.

A turning point in Catalonia’s water crisis

A year ago, reserves stood at just 15%. To prevent a shortage in Barcelona, authorities considered transporting water by ship and installing a mobile desalination plant. These drastic measures were ultimately unnecessary due to heavy rain in May 2024, which temporarily eased the crisis.

While recent rainfall is welcome, the Catalan government remains cautious. The balancing act between optimism and pragmatism continues, as officials must navigate the fine line between lifting restrictions prematurely and overburdening a wary public. Only time will tell whether this approach can foster both immediate relief and lasting water security.