Lorraine Williamson
Spain’s property market is under pressure. With demand for rentals at a high, particularly in coastal and urban areas, so too is the rise in fraud. Scammers are becoming more sophisticated, using online platforms to advertise properties they don’t own, demand upfront payments, and then disappear—leaving prospective tenants out of pocket.
These scams often begin with convincing ads on legitimate platforms such as Idealista or Airbnb. While the sites themselves are reputable, criminals exploit them by copying real property photos, inserting false details, and using fake identities. After initiating contact, the scammer typically asks for a deposit to “secure” the home. However, once the money is sent, the advert vanishes—and so does the so-called landlord.
Spotting the red flags: Fake listings and misleading locations
During a recent search for a long-term rental in southern Spain, I came across several listings that simply didn’t add up. Knowing the area well, it was clear that some properties were being advertised as something they were not. Photos of “new builds” were attached to homes in established urbanisations. Listings boasted sea views in places that were nowhere near the coast. Often, the prices were noticeably lower than average for the area.
These inconsistencies were red flags—and thankfully, many rental platforms now offer the option to report suspicious adverts. However, it’s unclear how quickly action is taken, and the responsibility often falls on the potential tenant to spot the signs before handing over any money.
The bigger problem: Unethical demands from agents
While fake listings are a clear threat, the more troubling issue came from legitimate property agents themselves. Many were demanding multiple months of rent in advance—sometimes up to six months or even a full year. These demands, although not always illegal, go well beyond what is reasonable and place enormous financial pressure on tenants.
In one extreme case, I viewed a property where the owner requested a one-month deposit and one month’s rent upfront for a five-month lease. However, once we stepped outside, the agent casually added, “And of course, you’ll need to pay one month plus IVA to the agency.” If the contract wasn’t renewed after five months, that agency fee would have effectively added around €400 per month to the rental cost—an excessive sum for such a short tenancy. It was also probable that the agent was charging the owner too.
Sophisticated fraud in a competitive market
Scams in the Spanish property market go beyond online trickery. Fraudsters have posed as property owners, asking tenants to pay deposits before visiting the home. Some have claimed they’re abroad and promise to send keys by courier—keys which never arrive. Others sell properties they don’t legally own or hide outstanding debts on a home, leaving the new buyer liable.
Buyers and renters are advised to request a nota simple—an official document from the Land Registry (Registro de la Propiedad)—which outlines the legal owner, any mortgages, and existing charges on the property. It’s one of the most effective tools available to check that everything is in order before signing any agreement.
When official agencies cross the line
It’s not just individuals running scams. Spain’s Ministry of Consumer Affairs has opened investigations into real estate offices accused of charging illegal commissions to tenants. Although the law in many regions makes it clear that landlords should cover these costs, some agencies continue to demand high upfront payments as noted above, add unlawful clauses to contracts, or request fees not disclosed until the last minute.
This is especially common in high-demand areas such as Madrid, Barcelona, and along the Costa del Sol. In these areas competition for rentals allows agencies to push the limits of what renters will accept.
Real-life cases underscore the risks
There have been multiple high-profile cases in recent years. In Barcelona, one woman discovered that her flat had been listed on Airbnb without her knowledge. Tourists arrived expecting accommodation, having paid someone else entirely. In Tenerife, police arrested a woman who had used WhatsApp and email to advertise non-existent rental properties, collecting deposits of up to €4,800 from each victim before vanishing.
These examples highlight how easy it is for scammers to replicate legitimate listings and manipulate those unfamiliar with the Spanish rental system.
How to protect yourself when renting or buying in Spain
To stay safe in Spain’s property market, it’s crucial to approach every listing with caution. Avoid paying anything before seeing the property in person. Always verify the owner’s identity through the Land Registry, and request a nota simple checking for debts or legal claims. Use traceable, secure payment methods and avoid cash or unfamiliar money transfer apps.
Poorly written messages, excessive urgency, or vague descriptions should be treated with suspicion. Ask for proper documentation—including a signed contract and the property deed—and check whether the agent is registered, particularly in regions like Catalonia where registration is a legal requirement.
Stay vigilant to avoid unnecessary costs
Despite the risks, Spain remains a highly attractive place to live, work, or retire. But the excitement of a new home can quickly turn into frustration—or financial loss—if you don’t take the necessary precautions.
Also read: The escalating rental crisis in Spain: A breeding ground for scammers