Else Beekman
The picturesque town of Benalmadena is confronting a significant environmental challenge: the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). This invasive species poses threats to both public health and local ecosystems. In response, the municipal government has launched over a hundred targeted interventions to mitigate the caterpillar’s impact.
Juan Olea, Councillor for Parks and Gardens, gave details about the municipality’s proactive measures. Het stated, “Due to changes in regulations, we have had to adapt our approach to ensure effective treatment while complying with new guidelines.” These efforts align with updated European regulations, necessitating a shift from traditional methods.
Previously, treatments remained effective for two to three months, preventing larval emergence. However, current guidelines mandate contact-based products, requiring multiple applications and regular monitoring.
Comprehensive treatment strategies
The town employs a combination of foliar treatments, endotherapy, and integrated approaches. These methods aim to prevent egg hatching and subsequent larval development. Given the variability of natural and biological factors, the timing of egg hatching can fluctuate, making continuous vigilance essential.
Climate change as a catalyst for early infestations
Historically, pine processionary infestations occurred between March and April. However, recent observations indicate an earlier onset, with sightings as early as February. This shift is attributed to warmer temperatures linked to climate change. The National Association of Environmental Health Companies (ANECPLA) emphasises the need for annual preventive campaigns each autumn to address this advancing threat.
Health risks to humans and pets
The caterpillar’s urticating hairs contain thaumetopoein, a toxin causing severe reactions. Minimal contact can lead to dermatitis, eye lesions, urticaria, and allergic responses. Notably, direct contact isn’t necessary; airborne hairs can provoke irritations, especially if they reach the eyes.
For pets, particularly dogs, the consequences can be dire. Curious animals may sniff or ingest the caterpillars, leading to symptoms like intense salivation, swelling, and even tissue necrosis in the tongue or throat. In severe cases, ingestion can be fatal. Check this article for tips on how to deal with the impact of processionary caterpillars.