Winter driving in Spain can be challenging, with rain, snow, fog, and wind creating hazardous conditions. Each type of weather demands specific preparation and techniques to ensure safety.
This guide with tips from the DGT explores everything you need to know, from maintaining your car to understanding how to drive in adverse conditions. It also highlights the technological aids that can help keep you safe on the road.
Living in Spain, most of the country experiences mild weather for much of the year. However, recent events like the DANA disaster in Valencia and hailstones the size of golf balls remind us that conditions can change suddenly and unexpectedly. Additionally, many residents travel to ski resorts during this season, where winter conditions are a given and preparation is essential.
Adverse weather conditions
Rain
Driving in rain requires extra caution due to longer braking distances and reduced visibility. It’s crucial to maintain a greater safety distance from other vehicles, as stopping on wet roads takes more time. Tyres play a significant role here; proper tread depth and pressure ensure better grip and reduce the risk of aquaplaning. If your vehicle does begin to aquaplane, the best course of action is to hold the steering wheel steady, ease off the accelerator, and avoid heavy braking.
Fog
Fog presents another serious challenge. Reduced visibility demands slower speeds and heightened awareness. Rear fog lights should be used in dense conditions. However, they should be turned off as soon as visibility improves to avoid dazzling other drivers. It’s important to avoid stopping on the hard shoulder unless absolutely necessary. If you must stop, move to a safe location and ensure your vehicle is properly signalled. Following road markings closely can help you stay on course when visibility is minimal.
Snow and ice
Snow and ice bring their own set of difficulties. Maintaining a significant safety distance is essential, as braking distances increase dramatically on slippery surfaces. Equipping your vehicle with winter tyres or chains provides better traction, while smooth and deliberate driving—avoiding sudden acceleration or braking—can help maintain control. When driving on icy roads, staying in the tracks of other vehicles can offer more stable footing.
Wind
Windy conditions require firm control of the steering wheel to counteract sudden gusts. Vehicles with roof racks or loads on the roof are particularly vulnerable, as these can disrupt aerodynamics. Extra caution should be taken when overtaking large vehicles or exiting tunnels, where wind forces can suddenly change.
Car maintenance essentials
Ensuring your vehicle is prepared for winter is just as important as adjusting your driving techniques. Tyres are a critical factor; they should have a tread depth of at least 1.6 mm, though deeper treads are recommended for better grip. Additionally, checking for uniform wear and maintaining correct pressure can prevent uneven performance on slippery roads.
Visibility is another key aspect of safe winter driving. Windscreen wipers must be in good condition to clear rain and snow effectively, and washer fluid reservoirs should be filled with a winter-grade solution. Headlights and other lights should be checked for proper alignment and functionality, as they play a vital role in low-light and adverse conditions. Using dipped headlights during the day in poor visibility can significantly reduce accident risks.
The car’s battery should also be tested, especially if it is over five years old or has shown signs of weakening. Antifreeze levels need to be monitored to protect the engine from freezing temperatures. Additionally, ensure your car’s heating and air conditioning systems are functioning properly to prevent fogging on windows and maintain a comfortable cabin temperature.
Technological aids for winter driving
Modern vehicles often come equipped with features that enhance safety in challenging conditions. Electronic Stability Control (ESP) helps maintain control by adjusting the braking force on individual wheels when skidding is detected. Rain sensors automatically activate windscreen wipers, while collision warning systems with auto-braking can prevent accidents by responding to imminent collisions faster than a human driver.
Other aids include hill start assist, which prevents rollback on slippery inclines, and advanced lighting systems that improve visibility in foggy or dark conditions. Heated windscreens and mirrors can quickly clear frost and fog, ensuring optimal visibility before and during your journey.
Preparing for winter journeys
Before setting out, it’s wise to equip your vehicle with essential items such as a shovel, ice scraper, blanket, and flashlight. These items can be lifesavers in emergencies, particularly in snowy or remote areas. Chains or fabric tyre covers should be appropriately sized for your vehicle and kept in the boot in case of sudden snowfalls.
Planning your route is equally important. Check weather forecasts and use apps or websites to stay updated on road conditions, traffic incidents, and closures. Avoid driving during extreme weather whenever possible, and ensure someone knows your planned route and estimated arrival time.
The role of proper tyres
Statistics highlight the importance of tyre maintenance. Poor tyre conditions account for 30% of winter accidents, according to Euromaster. Tyres with insufficient tread depth increase the likelihood of aquaplaning, where water builds up under the tyre and reduces contact with the road. All-season tyres offer a practical alternative for drivers who frequently face changing weather conditions, combining the benefits of winter and summer tyres in one versatile solution.
Final tips
Winter driving demands focus, preparation, and the right equipment. Adjust your speed to the road and weather conditions, maintain a safe following distance, and avoid sudden manoeuvres. By taking these precautions and ensuring your vehicle is in optimal condition, you can navigate winter roads with confidence and safety.
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