Else Beekman
Flooding is one of the most significant weather-related hazards in Spain, affecting thousands of people every year. With torrential rains becoming increasingly common, each autonomous community has developed its own emergency plans and guidelines to mitigate risks and protect residents.
In 2024, Spain experienced several significant flood events. The most devastating floods occurred on October 29 and November 16. This catastrophe, primarily affecting the Valencian Community, Castilla–La Mancha, and Andalucia, resulted in at least 232 fatalities and substantial property damage.
Additionally, on October 9, Storm Kirk impacted areas like Castile and León, resulting in injuries and numerous reported incidents.
Earlier in the year, from June 11 to 13, heavy rainfall led to severe flooding in regions such as Costa Blanca, Murcia, and Mallorca. In Murcia, emergency services responded to 324 incidents, while in Mallorca, Storm Tamara caused significant disruptions, including the temporary closure of Palma Airport.
Furthermore, on March 28, Storm Nelson killed four people in three separate incidents. Two of them in the north of Spain, and two drowned in rough sea in Tarragona.
Knowing what to do before, during, and after a flood is crucial—whether you live in Spain or are just visiting.
Regional flood response plans
Every Spanish autonomous community has a specialised flood response plan designed according to its geographical and climatic characteristics. These plans outline high-risk areas, alert systems, evacuation protocols, and safety measures for individuals and emergency responders.
Most regions assign specific names to their flood emergency plans, making it easier to identify the current threat level. For example, if “INUNMUR Level 1 Activated” appears in the news, it means the Murcia region is experiencing significant flooding that requires regional intervention. Similarly, the deactivation of “INUNCAT” indicates that Catalonia’s flood risk has subsided.
Essential flood safety tips from Spain’s civil protection agency
Beyond regional plans, Spain’s National Directorate of Civil Protection and Emergencies provides general recommendations for flood preparedness and response.
Before a flood: prevention is key
- Check if your home, school, or workplace is in a flood-risk area. If you read Spanish, you can do so here.
- Familiarise yourself with evacuation routes and emergency shelters.
- Clear drains, gutters, and waterways close to your home to prevent blockages.
- Store important documents and hazardous materials on higher floors or wrap them in plastic.
- Remove or secure outdoor objects that could be swept away by water.
During a flood: stay safe and stay informed
- Follow weather updates via radio, TV, or official emergency channels.
- If water enters your home, move to higher floors and disconnect electrical appliances.
- Avoid rivers, streams, and low-lying areas.
- Use motorways and highways if travel is unavoidable.
Driving in a flood: life-saving tips
- Never attempt to drive or walk through flooded areas, as they can be deceptively dangerous and strong enough to sweep you away.
- If your vehicle stalls in water, exit immediately and move to higher ground.
- Do not park in dry riverbeds, near water sources, or in underground parking areas.
Accessing official regional flood plans
To help residents and visitors navigate flood risks, Spain’s autonomous communities provide official guidance via government websites, emergency service platforms, and public awareness campaigns. Many regions also offer educational materials, including videos and leaflets for children.
Understanding and following these guidelines can make all the difference in a flood emergency. Stay prepared, stay informed, and always prioritise safety.
Also read: Valencia floods among top 10 most expensive climate disasters of 2024