Lorraine Williamson
Spain is witnessing a profound demographic shift. In 2024, more than 252,000 people became Spanish nationals, marking the country’s highest naturalisation figure in recent years.
The numbers, published by Spain’s National Statistics Institute (INE), highlight a trend of long-term residents choosing to anchor their futures here.
Catalonia and Madrid lead the way
Naturalisation is concentrated in Spain’s most dynamic regions. Catalonia and Madrid account for almost half of all new citizenships. These areas, long magnets for migrants, reflect Spain’s role as a hub for opportunity, education, and cultural exchange.
While 20% of new citizens were born in Spain, most began life abroad before establishing permanent roots.
Latin American strength and Moroccan presence
The majority of new Spaniards have Latin American heritage. Venezuelans (35,403), Colombians (26,224), Hondurans (15,574), and Ecuadorians (10,871) were among the largest groups. Moroccans, however, top the list with over 42,000 naturalisations.
Interestingly, Spain also features prominently as a “country of birth”, as many children of foreign parents born on Spanish soil are not automatically granted nationality at birth.
How do people become Spanish?
The main route is residency-based naturalisation: 85% obtained citizenship after living in Spain legally for at least a decade. Another 15% used the “por opción” pathway, which applies to children of Spanish nationals or those with colonial ties. A handful secured nationality via royal decree or other exceptional measures.
A closer look at Spain’s new citizens
Women represent 56% of new citizens, while men comprise 44%. The most represented age bracket is 30–39, followed by 40–49 and young children under nine. Despite the long residency requirement, on average, it took applicants five years to receive their Spanish passport after applying.
A nation that is changing shape
The rise in naturalisations is more than a statistical detail — it signals how Spain’s identity is evolving. Strong links with Latin America and a large Moroccan community are reshaping towns and cities. With over a quarter of a million people gaining Spanish nationality in just one year, the trend underscores a future where Spain’s cultural and social landscape will be increasingly diverse and interconnected.
Source: ABC